The Maltese Dog: Ancient Royalty to Modern Companion – A Complete Guide to the Beloved Maltese Breed
History Of The Maltese
The Maltese dog breed is more than just a pretty face with a luxurious white coat. This small yet spirited companion has captured hearts for over two millennia. From ancient civilizations to royal courts, and now to loving homes across the world, the Maltese has cemented its place as one of the most cherished dog breeds in history.
But what exactly makes the Maltese such a beloved pet? How has this breed endured for thousands of years, and why is it still one of the most popular toy dogs today?
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about the Maltese, including:
- The ancient history and origin of the breed
- The Maltese’s transition from royal lapdog to beloved family companion
- Breed characteristics, temperament, and physical features
- Training techniques and intelligence
- Grooming and care requirements
- Common health issues and longevity
- Fun facts and pop culture references
- Who the Maltese is right for
Let’s dive into the long and luxurious world of the Maltese dog.
A Noble Beginning: The Rich History of the Maltese
The Maltese is one of the oldest toy breeds in existence. Tracing its roots back to ancient Mediterranean civilizations, this elegant companion dog has been featured in art, poetry, and royal courts for over 2,000 years.
Origins on the Island of Malta
The breed gets its name from the island of Malta, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Sicily and North Africa. Malta was an important center for trade and culture, which allowed the Maltese dog to become known throughout the ancient world.
While the exact lineage is debated, the Maltese is believed to have been developed from Spitz-type dogs from the Swiss Alps and Asian toy breeds brought to Europe by traders. Their main role? To be adored. These dogs were bred for companionship and, historically, were considered status symbols.
Ancient Civilizations and the “Melitae Dog”
Artifacts dating as far back as 1500 B.C. suggest that small white dogs resembling the Maltese were revered in Egypt, where they were believed to have healing powers. Tomb paintings, sculptures, and writings depict them curled at the feet of pharaohs and nobles. The breed also appears in Greek pottery and literature.
The ancient Greeks referred to the breed as the “Melitae Dog,” and even Aristotle praised their elegance. The Romans, who were captivated by small dogs, adored the Maltese and kept them as companions for wealthy women. They were often seen nestled in the folds of togas and carried in the sleeves of garments.
Renaissance Royalty: The Maltese in Europe
During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, the Maltese surged in popularity across royal courts in Europe. These dogs were often given as gifts among nobility and became symbols of refinement and high status.
Famous Maltese Owners in History
- Queen Elizabeth I was known to adore small dogs and is believed to have owned Maltese-type companions.
- Mary Queen of Scots had a Maltese that was found hiding under her skirts at her execution.
- Marie Antoinette and Josephine Bonaparte also favored the breed, often depicted with tiny white lapdogs.
Throughout history, the Maltese’s primary purpose has remained the same: to love and be loved.
The Modern Maltese: From Lapdog to Family Pet
Though originally bred for nobility, the Maltese’s loving personality and charming demeanor made it a natural transition into modern family homes.
Today, the Maltese ranks consistently among the top toy breeds in countries like the United States, the UK, and Australia. Their compact size, intelligence, and adaptability make them a perfect choice for apartment living, retirees, families with older children, and singles alike.
Physical Characteristics: Small Size, Big Presence
Despite weighing just 4 to 7 pounds, the Maltese exudes elegance and confidence. They carry themselves with an almost aristocratic grace that seems hardwired into their DNA.
Distinct Features:
- Coat: Long, flowing, silky white hair (not fur), which makes them hypoallergenic
- Eyes: Large, dark, expressive eyes that give a sweet and soulful expression
- Build: Compact and square, with a slightly rounded skull and a straight back
- Tail: Plumed and arching over the back
Their glamorous appearance often leads people to assume they’re high-maintenance or aloof — but this couldn’t be further from the truth.
Maltese Personality: Loyal, Affectionate, and Playful
What really makes the Maltese shine is its personality. These dogs are incredibly affectionate, deeply loyal, and thrive on human companionship.
Key Temperament Traits:
- Affectionate: The Maltese is often referred to as a “Velcro dog” because they love being by your side at all times.
- Alert and Watchful: Despite their small size, they are alert and often act as watchdogs, barking to alert you of strangers.
- Playful and Energetic: They enjoy games and indoor play and are especially lively when given proper mental stimulation.
- Gentle with Older Children: They do well in families with respectful older kids but can be delicate around toddlers.
The breed’s happy, outgoing nature makes them one of the most charming and easygoing small dogs you can find.
Are Maltese Dogs Easy to Train?
Yes — and no. The Maltese is an intelligent breed, often eager to please, but their independent streak means they need consistency and patience.
Potty Training
Due to their small bladders, potty training can be a bit of a challenge. Consistent schedules, crate training, and praise-based reinforcement are essential.
Obedience and Tricks
Maltese excel at learning basic commands like:
- Sit
- Stay
- Come
- Down
- Shake
- Roll over
They’re also capable of mastering agility, rally obedience, and more advanced tricks. The key to success? Short, fun, reward-based training sessions.
Socialization
Early exposure to people, sounds, other animals, and environments is crucial. Without it, they may develop separation anxiety or become overly vocal and wary of strangers.
Grooming: The Cost of Elegance
That beautiful white coat doesn’t maintain itself. Grooming is an essential part of Maltese care and can be time-consuming — but also incredibly rewarding.
Daily Care:
- Brushing: Daily brushing is recommended to prevent tangles and mats, especially for those with full-length coats.
- Bathing: A bath every 1–2 weeks keeps the coat clean and soft.
- Eyes and Face: Maltese are prone to tear staining, which can discolor the hair around the eyes. Wipe the face daily with a damp cloth or pet-safe wipes.
- Ears and Teeth: Clean ears weekly and brush teeth daily to prevent dental issues.
Many owners opt for a “puppy cut”, which is a shorter, more manageable hairstyle that reduces grooming time while maintaining the dog’s cuteness
Grooming a Maltese puppy is not just about keeping them clean — it’s about maintaining that signature silky white coat, keeping tear stains at bay, and ensuring their skin stays healthy and irritation-free. If you’re a proud new Maltese owner or planning to welcome one into your family, it’s essential to invest in the right grooming products tailored for this high-maintenance, yet adorable breed.
In this guide, we’ll cover the best grooming products for Maltese puppies, from shampoos to brushes and everything in between. Let’s dive into what you’ll need to keep your Maltese looking like a show dog — even if they’re just lounging at home.
1. Gentle Puppy Shampoo: Keep That White Coat Bright
Why it matters: The Maltese’s signature white coat is prone to staining and discoloration. Regular dog shampoos may be too harsh for a puppy’s sensitive skin and can strip natural oils or cause irritation.
Top Pick: Earthbath Ultra-Mild Puppy Shampoo
- Soap-free and pH-balanced for puppies
- Contains aloe vera and vitamins to soothe skin
- Tearless formula — no more bath-time drama!
For tackling tear stains and coat discoloration, look for a whitening shampoo formulated for dogs, like Chris Christensen White on White Shampoo. It enhances coat brightness without bleach or harsh chemicals, making it safe for puppies over 12 weeks old.
Pro tip: Always follow up with a gentle conditioner to maintain softness and prevent tangles.
2. Detangling Spray: Your Secret Weapon Against Matting
Maltese puppies have fine, silky hair that mats easily — especially if they’re active or love to roll around. Brushing dry, tangled fur can be painful for your pup and frustrating for you.
Top Pick: TropiClean Tangle Remover Spray
- Helps prevent and remove mats and tangles
- Conditions the coat and adds shine
- No rinsing required — perfect for quick touch-ups
Use a detangling spray before brushing to make grooming sessions smoother and more enjoyable for your Maltese puppy.
3. Pin Brush & Metal Comb: Essential Tools for Daily Grooming
The right brushes make all the difference. A pin brush with rounded tips is gentle on your puppy’s skin and ideal for daily use. Pair it with a stainless steel comb to target mats behind the ears, under the legs, and around the neck.
Top Picks:
- Chris Christensen Oval Pin Brush — high quality, durable, and puppy-safe
- Andis Steel Pet Comb — great for fluffing and detangling
Daily brushing not only keeps the coat mat-free but also distributes natural oils, promoting a healthy shine.
4. Tear Stain Remover: Say Goodbye to Eye Discoloration
Maltese puppies are prone to tear stains due to their white coats and shallow tear ducts. These reddish-brown marks under their eyes can be unsightly and hard to manage if not treated early.
Top Pick: Angels’ Eyes Gentle Tear Stain Wipes
- Easy to use, even on squirmy puppies
- Free from harsh chemicals and antibiotics
- Safe for daily use
For a deeper clean, consider Eye Envy Tear Stain Remover Solution & Powder, a two-step system highly recommended by groomers.
Tip: Always consult your vet if tear staining seems excessive — it could indicate allergies or other underlying issues.
5. Pet-Safe Clippers & Scissors: Keep Things Trimmed Between Groomer Visits
Maltese puppies don’t shed, but their hair keeps growing — which means regular trims are a must. If you’re grooming at home or in between professional sessions, you’ll need safe, quiet grooming tools.
Top Picks:
- Wahl Bravura Lithium Ion Clippers — cordless, quiet, and ideal for sensitive pups
- Sharf Gold Touch Pet Scissors — rounded tips for safe facial trims
Focus on trimming around the eyes, paw pads, and sanitary areas to keep your puppy clean and comfortable.
6. Puppy Toothbrush & Toothpaste: Start Dental Care Early
Dental hygiene is often overlooked, but small breeds like the Maltese are prone to tartar buildup and gum disease. Start brushing your puppy’s teeth as early as possible using a puppy-safe toothbrush and enzymatic toothpaste.
Top Pick: Vet’s Best Puppy Dental Kit
- Finger brush + soft toothbrush included
- Natural ingredients like aloe, neem oil, and enzymes
- Helps prevent plaque and bad breath
Regular brushing not only keeps your puppy’s breath fresh but also reduces the risk of costly dental problems later on.
7. Nail Clippers or Grinder: Gentle on Tiny Paws
Puppy nails grow quickly and can become sharp. Regular nail trimming is necessary, especially for indoor pups who don’t naturally wear them down.
Top Pick: Dremel 7300-PT Pet Nail Grinder
- Safer and smoother than traditional clippers
- Quiet operation won’t scare your puppy
- Rechargeable and easy to use
If you prefer clippers, look for ones with a safety guard and ergonomic grip, like Safari Professional Nail Trimmer.
8. Paw & Nose Balm: Protect Sensitive Skin
The Maltese has delicate skin that can crack or dry out, especially on their paw pads and nose. A soothing balm can prevent discomfort and protect against harsh weather or rough surfaces.
Top Pick: Natural Dog Company Paw Soother
- Organic, fragrance-free, and lick-safe
- Heals dry skin and prevents irritation
- Works great on elbows and noses too
Apply a small amount after walks or before bedtime for best results.
Final Tips for Maltese Puppy Grooming Success
- Establish a routine early — Puppies respond well to consistency and gentle handling.
- Use positive reinforcement — Treats and praise go a long way in making grooming enjoyable.
- Keep sessions short — Especially in the beginning, limit grooming time to prevent stress.
- Don’t skip the vet — If your puppy’s skin shows signs of irritation or their tear staining worsens, check with your veterinarian.
Conclusion
Grooming a Maltese puppy is a rewarding experience that deepens your bond and keeps your pup looking adorable. By investing in the right grooming products — from gentle shampoos to tear stain removers — you’ll be setting your furry friend up for a lifetime of good hygiene and glossy, healthy coats.
Whether you’re a first-time dog parent or a seasoned Maltese lover, the products listed above are tried-and-true favorites that’ll make grooming easier and more effective.
Health and Longevity
The average lifespan of a Maltese is 12 to 15 years, but it’s not uncommon for them to live well into their late teens with proper care.
Common Health Concerns:
- Dental Disease – Regular brushing and dental cleanings are crucial.
- Luxating Patella – A common issue in toy breeds where the kneecap slips.
- White Dog Shaker Syndrome – A neurological disorder that causes tremors, mostly in young white dogs.
- Collapsed Trachea – Avoid harsh collars; use a harness instead.
- Hypoglycemia – Especially in puppies; feeding small, frequent meals helps.
Veterinary care, proper nutrition, regular exercise, and a loving home go a long way in keeping your Maltese healthy and happy.
Maltese in Pop Culture and Media
The Maltese has graced both history and Hollywood. Their photogenic features and charming demeanor have made them favorites among celebrities and filmmakers alike.
Celebrities Who’ve Owned Maltese Dogs:
- Elizabeth Taylor
- Marilyn Monroe
- Barbra Streisand
- Britney Spears
- Halle Berry
In TV and film, the Maltese often plays the role of the pampered pooch, showing up in romantic comedies, sitcoms, and even commercials for luxury brands.
Fun Facts About the Maltese
- The Maltese has been bred exclusively as a companion — never as a working dog.
- Despite their dainty appearance, Maltese dogs are known to be fearless and bold.
- The breed has no undercoat, contributing to their hypoallergenic status.
- The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the breed in 1888.
- In ancient times, people believed the Maltese had healing powers — they were even placed on the pillows of sick individuals.
Is the Maltese the Right Dog for You?
The Maltese may be right for you if:
- You want a small, apartment-friendly dog.
- You love cuddly, affectionate pets that bond closely with their humans.
- You’re home frequently or can bring your dog with you often.
- You’re willing to maintain a regular grooming routine.
- You want a dog that’s intelligent, trainable, and social.
The Maltese might not be ideal if:
- You’re away from home for long periods (they can develop separation anxiety).
- You prefer a more independent, low-maintenance pet.
- You have very young children who may be too rough for a delicate toy breed.
Final Thoughts
The Maltese is truly a breed unlike any other. From ancient temples to modern homes, this little white dog has maintained a legacy of love, loyalty, and elegance.
They require care, attention, and plenty of snuggles, but in return, they offer unwavering companionship and endless affection. If you’re ready for a tiny dog with a huge heart, the Maltese might just be the best friend you’ve been waiting for.
Learn More:
- https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/fun-facts-maltese/
- https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/maltese#
- https://thehappypuppysite.com/maltese/
